| Gene | Estimated time of origin of European alleles | Resulting phenotype |
| SLC45A2 | 19,000 - 11,000 BP (Beleza et al., 2013) ≈11,000 BP (Soejima et al., 2005) | Lighter skin |
| SLC24A5 | 19,200 - 7600 BP (Canfield et al., 2014) 19,000 - 11,000 BP (Beleza et al., 2013) ≈12,000 - 3000 BP (Norton & Hammer, 2007) | Lighter skin |
| TYRP1 | 19,000 - 11,000 BP (Beleza et al., 2013) | Lighter skin |
| HERC2-OCA2 | ≈10,000 - 6000 BP (Eiberg et al., 2008) some time before 8000 BP (Lazaridis et al., 2013) some time before 7000 BP (Olalde et al., 2014) | New eye colors |
| MC1R | no dating yet | New hair colors |